Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a key technology for enabling the Internet of Things (IoT), facilitating data collection and monitoring across diverse applications. For battery-powered IoT deployments, extending the operational range of WSNs is crucial to minimize maintenance requirements and coverage gaps. This necessitates the exp

Low-power LR-WAN sensor networks are emerging as a transformative technology in industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Their ability to reliably transmit data over long distances with minimal power consumption makes them ideal for monitoring and controlling assets in harsh environments, such as factories, oil rigs, or agricultural fields